{"id":1735,"date":"2021-11-22T12:11:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T17:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newproduction.glft.org\/?p=1735"},"modified":"2023-04-24T15:19:08","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T19:19:08","slug":"mapping-the-great-lakes-cisco-family-tree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.glft.org\/fr\/mapping-the-great-lakes-cisco-family-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"Cartographie de l'arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique du cisco des Grands Lacs"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les outils du 21e si\u00e8cle peuvent-ils aider \u00e0 la reprise de Cisco ?<\/h2>\n

L'histoire de Cisco des Grands Lacs, Cisco\u00a0Cor\u00e9gone<\/em>, et sa gestion est longue et vari\u00e9e et, heureusement, elle n'est pas termin\u00e9e. Historiquement, ce poisson d'eau profonde \u00e9tait le principal poisson fourrage de la cha\u00eene alimentaire des Grands Lacs et soutenait les p\u00eacheries commerciales du lac Michigan au lac Ontario. En raison de la surp\u00eache, de la perte d'habitat et de l'introduction d'esp\u00e8ces envahissantes, certaines esp\u00e8ces de cisco ont disparu de certaines parties de leur aire de r\u00e9partition historique et d'autres ont vu leur abondance diminuer. Des mesures de gestion et de restauration de grande envergure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprises par des agences tribales, \u00e9tatiques et f\u00e9d\u00e9rales aux \u00c9tats-Unis et au Canada. L'abondance du cisco semble augmenter, ce qui suscite l'int\u00e9r\u00eat de certains groupes pour le r\u00e9tablissement des populations perdues.<\/p>\n

L\u2019une des lacunes majeures dans les efforts de conservation et de restauration du cisco est la taxonomie du cisco, qui permet de d\u00e9finir les unit\u00e9s de conservation appropri\u00e9es pour les gestionnaires des p\u00eaches. Les progr\u00e8s de la g\u00e9nomique permettent d\u2019\u00e9tudier les bases g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de l\u2019adaptation du cisco, ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas possible il y a dix ans \u00e0 peine. De nouvelles recherches utilisant des outils g\u00e9nomiques pour clarifier la structure et la taxonomie de la population du cisco fournissent des informations int\u00e9ressantes qui remettent en question la compr\u00e9hension actuelle de l\u2019arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique du cisco des Grands Lacs.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats apportent un nouvel \u00e9clairage sur la taxonomie Cisco<\/h2>\n

La th\u00e9orie dominante de la taxonomie du cisco est que les esp\u00e8ces de cisco ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 dans les lacs et que toute diff\u00e9renciation entre les esp\u00e8ces ou les formes est bas\u00e9e sur l'environnement lacustre dans lequel elles vivent. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette compr\u00e9hension, les scientifiques et les gestionnaires des p\u00eaches s'attendraient \u00e0 ce que le cisco puisse \u00eatre stock\u00e9 dans un environnement particulier et que le poisson s'y adapte. Avec le soutien du GLFT, une \u00e9quipe de recherche dirig\u00e9e par Wesley Larson, anciennement du US Geological Survey et de la Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit du College of Natural Resources de l'Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Stevens Point, et Amanda Ackiss, \u00e9galement anciennement de l'unit\u00e9 de recherche, ont remis en question cette hypoth\u00e8se de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la diversit\u00e9 du cisco et \u00e0 \u00e9clairer le r\u00e9tablissement de la p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche comprenait \u00e9galement Wendylee Stott, du Great Lakes Science Center et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9tat du Michigan; Julie Turgeon, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; Kevin Donner, de la bande indienne des Odawas de Little Traverse Bay; et Jory Jonas, du Michigan Department of Natural Resources. L\u2019objectif principal de l\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e9tait d\u2019utiliser des m\u00e9thodes g\u00e9nomiques pour am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension de la variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre les diff\u00e9rentes formes de cisco. Les travaux financ\u00e9s par le GLFT faisaient partie d\u2019un effort beaucoup plus vaste visant \u00e0 mener des recherches g\u00e9nomiques sur le cisco des Grands Lacs.<\/p>\n

Quatre formes principales de Cisco ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es,\u00a0C. artedi<\/em>,\u00a0C. hoyi<\/em>,\u00a0C. kiyi<\/em>\u00a0et\u00a0C. zenithicus<\/em>. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, l'\u00e9quipe a g\u00e9notyp\u00e9 30 populations de cisco \u00e0 l'aide de milliers de marqueurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques en utilisant le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age de l'ADN associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un site de restriction. Ils ont ensuite effectu\u00e9 des analyses g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de population pour \u00e9tudier la structure g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des lacs et des formes. Enfin, l'\u00e9quipe a examin\u00e9 la variation adaptative \u00e0 travers le g\u00e9nome du cisco \u00e0 l'aide d'une carte de liaison du cisco r\u00e9cemment cr\u00e9\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude fournit l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res preuves que les formes de cisco des Grands Lacs sont g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche a pu diff\u00e9rencier les formes de cisco partout o\u00f9 elles se trouvent. De plus, les r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que la divergence entre ces formes semble ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la recolonisation des Grands Lacs, ce qui indique qu\u2019il existe une plus grande diff\u00e9renciation entre les formes qu\u2019entre les lacs. Cette forte diff\u00e9renciation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sugg\u00e8re que des unit\u00e9s de conservation distinctes pourraient \u00eatre construites pour chaque forme, ce qui constituerait une strat\u00e9gie diff\u00e9rente de l\u2019approche actuelle qui favorise la pr\u00e9servation des environnements.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t

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\u201d<\/span>Ce projet a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d\u2019une r\u00e9volution g\u00e9nomique pour Cisco et a inspir\u00e9 une ligne de recherche qui se poursuivra probablement dans un avenir pr\u00e9visible. <\/p>Wes Larson, Ph.D.<\/span>Administration nationale des oc\u00e9ans et de l'atmosph\u00e8re<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t

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Le projet renforce les collaborations qui profitent \u00e0 la p\u00eache au cisco<\/h2>\n

Au cours du projet, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche a nou\u00e9 des relations avec ses institutions et organisations respectives ainsi qu\u2019avec le minist\u00e8re des Richesses naturelles et des For\u00eats de l\u2019Ontario, les organismes de gestion tribale et le USGS Science Center \u00e0 Ashland, dans le Wisconsin. De plus, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 son r\u00e9seau de collaborateurs en pr\u00e9sentant \u00e0 plusieurs reprises les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude aux scientifiques de tout le bassin. Ce r\u00e9seau sera essentiel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de strat\u00e9gies de conservation et de restauration du cisco des Grands Lacs si cette nouvelle compr\u00e9hension taxonomique se confirme.<\/p>\n

En savoir plus sur l'utilisation des outils g\u00e9nomiques pour \u00e9tudier la diversit\u00e9 adaptative du cisco des Grands Lacs<\/h2>\n

Pour plus d'informations sur la conception de l'\u00e9tude, les r\u00e9sultats et les implications, voir \u00ab Genotyping by Sequencing Illuminates High Levels of Divergence Among Sympatric Forms of Coregonines in the Laurentian Great Lakes \u00bb d'Amanda Ackiss, Wes Larson et Wendylee Stott dans Evolutionary Applications, pages 1 037 \u00e0 1 054.<\/p>\n

Pour toute question, contactez Wes Larson au\u00a0wes.larson@noaa.gov<\/a>\u00a0ou Amanda Ackiss \u00e0\u00a0aackiss@usgs.gov<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Clause de non-responsabilit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Les notes de recherche comprennent les r\u00e9sultats des projets financ\u00e9s par le GLFT qui contribuent \u00e0 l'ensemble des connaissances scientifiques sur la p\u00eache dans les Grands Lacs. Les conclusions des chercheurs et les r\u00e9sum\u00e9s des r\u00e9sultats des subventions ne constituent pas une approbation ou une position du GLFT et sont fournis pour am\u00e9liorer la sensibilisation aux r\u00e9sultats des projets et fournir des informations pertinentes aux chercheurs et aux gestionnaires des p\u00eaches.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La taxonomie du cisco est une lacune critique dans les connaissances sur les efforts de conservation et de restauration. De nouvelles recherches utilisant des outils g\u00e9nomiques pour clarifier la structure et la taxonomie de la population de cisco apportent des informations int\u00e9ressantes qui remettent en question la compr\u00e9hension actuelle de l'arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique du cisco des Grands Lacs.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1735","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-research-notes"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMapping the Great Lakes cisco family tree - Great Lakes Fishery Trust<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.glft.org\/fr\/mapping-the-great-lakes-cisco-family-tree\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mapping the Great Lakes cisco family tree - Great Lakes Fishery Trust\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A critical knowledge gap in efforts to conserve and restore cisco has been cisco taxonomy. 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